清齿龈有咝擦音

特征

清齿龈有咝音的特征：

发音方法是有咝擦音，即是引导气流通过一个由舌尖在发音部分构成的沟和牙齿和尖面，造成高频率的湍流。

发音部位是齿龈，即以舌尖或者舌尖后的扁平面（舌叶）抵住上齿龈脊颤动。

发声类型是清音, 意味着发音时声带并不颤动。

本辅音是口腔辅音 (口音) ，表示发音时空气只从口里流出。

中央辅音, 气流可从舌中部流过，不从两侧流过。

气流特点是从肺部直接流出，而不是从口腔或喉门流出。

该音见于汉语

普通话中有此音，拼音时以s表示，出现在字音开首。

吴语中有此音，拼音时以s表示，出现在字音开首。因其无清化浊声母，以牙音心生书子母作据。

粤语，客家语，闽语中均有此音，拼音时以s表示，出现在字音开首。基本清化，以牙音心生书邪俟船子母作据。

该音见于英语

英语中以字母c或s表示此音。字母s大多数都是表示此音，除了极少数外来语中不发音，如从法语借过来的 rendezvous ，而字母c同时可以表示清软颚塞音[k]，一般来说，c在字母a、l、o、u前读[k]；在e、i、y前读[s]。留意当有塞音在[s]后，如/p/、/t/、/k/，该塞音将不会送气。

清齿龈无咝擦音

清齿龈无咝擦音的特征和上述的一样，除了：

发音方法是无咝擦音，即是将气流限制在位于发音部位的狭窄通道通过，造成较低频率的湍流。

该音见于英语

此音在英语较罕见，在某些口音中作为清齿龈塞音[t]的同位音，例如爱尔兰口音和英国北方的利物浦和附近地区的口音中。

该音见于冰岛语

此音以冰岛语字母 þ (thorn)标示。Þ 只出现在字的第一个字母，而浊齿龈无咝擦音[ ð ] 会在其他地方出现。(古英语中þ 和 ð(eth)此两个字母都可以标示清齿擦音和浊齿擦音，两音分布没有一定规律；现代英语则用“th”代替这两个字母。) 冰岛语中[θ̠]是舌尖后的扁平面发音，而[ð̠]则以舌尖发音。

例：冰岛语 þakið [θ̠akið̠]“屋顶”。

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